Bankruptcy law
was created to protect American consumers who had
found themselves hopelessly in debt. It was debt relief
granted to those
parties who otherwise would never get out of debt.
The Bankruptcy
filings in America have hit record proportions. In every
state
and by every social status imaginable discharges of debt are
being granted
while, at the same time, new petitions are being filed. It
has become such
a common practice within our great nation that attitudes
once poised to
frown with disdain upon such actions now simply accept it as
the inevitable
consequence of American living.
There are even professional filers who have fine-tuned the
art of debt
relief in an attempt toward the acquisition of material and
financial gain.
There are
several types of filings including Chapter 7, Chapter 13,
Chapter 11 and Chapter 12. Most consumers file a Chapter 7.
A few
individuals file a Chapter 13.
The laws governing all bankruptcies are complex. Although
individuals
may, of their own accord, file a petition, it is advisable
that the services of
an attorney be retained.
Consumers may use
Legal Match to
find a trustworthy Bankruptcy
Attorney in their area.
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Chapter 7 Bankruptcy
In Chapter 7,
most debts are cancelled completely. This is called a
"discharge".
Medical bills and unsecured loans can usually be eliminated
or
"discharged" in full. Once a debt is discharged, the
creditor is forever
prevented from taking any action to collect the debt.
Bankruptcy laws
provide for certain exemptions. If the value of your equity
in your property
is less than the exemption amount, you will be allowed to
keep it.
If the value of your equity in your property is more than
the exemption
amount, you might be forced by the court to turn it over to
the bankruptcy
trustee who will sell it and use the money to pay on your
debts. In most
cases, you will be able to keep all of your property. The
rules are different
for secured loans, such as homes, cars, boats, RVs etc.
With some minor exceptions, you must either pay for the
collateral that
secures the loan or give it back to the creditor.
Chapter
13 Bankruptcy
In Chapter 13,
you basically consolidate your unsecured debts and make
one payment to the bankruptcy court for a period of 3-5
years. A small
amount of the money you pay to the court is used for court
expenses;
the remainder is used for payment to your creditors. Any
balance of your
debts which remains after the end of the 3-5 years is
discharged.
A Chapter 13 bankruptcy may allow the debtor to keep
property where its
value exceeds the exemption amount. It can also allow the
debtor to pay
past due payments on a house or a car and still retain the
property.
Sometimes, secured creditors can be forced to accept less
than the full
balance owed if the collateral is worth less than the amount
owed.
However, the reason that most people do not file a Chapter
13 bankruptcy
is that two of the main requirements are that you must have
a steady
income and your monthly net income must be more than your
monthly
living expenses (not including credit cards and old medical
bills, etc.).
This is an area of the law where you need to have
expert legal advice.
For complete detailed legal information on bankruptcy,
Including procedure
and bankruptcy forms, see the
Legal
Information Institute
or
contact us
with bankruptcy questions.
Consumers should
also be aware of the new bankruptcy bill that was
passed in 2005 that brought many changes to bankruptcy law
and additional hardship for any consumer considering
filling.
We have two
articles on the subject:
Considering Bankruptcy
and
Pass New Bill
A note from
the author:
Any person
seeking debt relief through bankruptcy should do so only
as a
last resort and be aware of the many negative effects it
will have on them
and their family before proceeding.
While it is a relief to get rid of debt the filer needs to
understand:
-
Employment
may be adversely effected
-
Not all
assets are automatically protected
-
Not all
debts are dischargeable
-
The
bankruptcy remains on your credit report for 10 years
Consumers should
consider Bankruptcy only in extreme hardship situations.
Otherwise, consumers in need of help will benefit more from
a
Debt Consolidation
program, that will allow them to pay down debt and keep
a good credit history.
A free consultation and quote can be obtained by filling out
a short form
here.
Arnold Weiss
Bankruptcy Attorney